High voltage generator



May 26, 1942. N. E. LINDENBLAD 2,284,159

HIGH VOLTAGE GENERATOR Original Filed Aug. 9, 1935 l kjg. 1

INVENTOR. N/LS E. LINDENBLAD BY gw-z/W ATTORNEY.

Patented May 26, 1942 2,284,159 man VOLTAGE GENERATOR Nils E. Lindenblad, Port Jefferson, N. Y., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Original application August 9, 1933, Serial No. 684,328. Divided and this application April 12, 1938, Serial N0. 201,528

8 Claims.

My present invention has as its main object the provision of methods and means for generatingvery high potentials or voltages at high energy levels.

In one way of carrying out my invention for the generation of high direct current voltages, I charge metallic units, preferably particles of metal, by actual conductive contact with a direct current source. Then, by moving the particles away from the source, the voltages of the charges thereon are increased, in a manner which will be explained more fully hereinafter, and the charges are ultimately deposited upon a low voltage gradient-section of a charge-storing device or container.

This application is a division of my original copending application Serial No. 684,328, filed August 9, 1933, which has now matured into Patent #2,210,492, dated August 6, 1940, which contains claims directed to the belt system and also the combined belt and disc system. A first divisional application Serial No. 4,475, filed February 1, 1935, which has matured into Patent 2,070,972, dated February 16, 1937, contains claims directed to the rotor system, wherein an induction principle is combined with centrifugal force and utilized to increase the output voltage. A second divisional application Serial No. 8,236, filed February 26, 1935, which has now matured into Patent 2,119,588, dated June 7, 1938, con"- tains claims directed to the high voltage generating system wherein charging units are arranged in parallel with means provided to discharge them in series. A third divisional application, Serial No. 81,360, filed May 23, 1936, which has matured into Patent 2,171,242, dated August 29, 1939', contains claims directed to a high voltage generator combined with a rectifier and a transformer system connected to elements of the rectifier. This application is the fourth divisional application and contains claims di-' rected to a plurality of disc systems with rectilying means associated therewith. A fifth divisional application Serial No. 315,279, filed January 23, 1940, contains claims directed to a high voltage inductive system disclosed in the original application and applied to gases. A sixth divisional application, Serial No. 315,280, filed January 23, 1940, contains claims directed to a plurality of pulsating devices.

In another arrangement for producing high voltages according to my present invention, an induction electrode, either grounded or preferably maintained at a high voltage, is insulatingly separated from a chargeable medium which may be a solid, a liquid or a gas, and, by the use of a point discharge electrode system connected to a direct current source or preferably to ground, ionization or corona is caused to take place through and/or about the chargeable medium. The charged medium is then moved or carried to a low potential area on a chargeable element, the high voltage surface of which is brought up to an exceedingly high voltage by the continued deposits from the charged medium. In a further modification of my present invention, both my contact and induction principles, about which more will be said later, are utilized.

A further and more specific object of my present invention is to provide systems which utilize my improved contact and induction principles for charging solid mediums such as belts and disks, for charging liquids such as oil and oil containing metallic particles in suspension and for charging gases.

Still further objects of my present invention are to provide an improved belt system for generating high voltages; to provide an improved disk system for generating high voltages; to pro- 1 vide improved combinations of disks alone or combinations of disks or belt or belts arranged in such a way as to have an effective output voltage much higher than the voltage generated by any one system; to provide a symmetrical network system in which various elements are charged in parallel but discharged in series so as to obtain a much-higher resultant output voltages as compared to the voltage applied to each element;

and many others which will be apparent as the description of my present invention proceeds. This description will be given in greater detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings which, however, are not to be considered in any way limitative of my present invention but are to be considered only illustrative. Turning to them:

Fig. 1 illustrates a simple arrangement of a plurality of disks according to my present invention wherein'by charging collectors of the disks at opposite polarity with a single polarity exciter, double potential may be obtained in a simple y;

Fig. 1a is a. disk arrangement for parallel voltage charge and series discharge;

Fig. 1 illustrates a system for obtaining opposite polarity direct current voltages on a pair of collectors by means of a pair of disk machines incorporating many features of my present invention and as described in my original application. A particular advantage of the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 resides in the fact that a single rectifier I50 consisting of three stages I62, I54, I56, although not limited thereto but may be of any number of stages, operates through the disks to impress opposite polarities on the collectors I58, I60. Thus, as shown, the output conductor I62 applies a positive potential, (although if desired a negative potential may be used) to the inductor electrode I64 and to the charging electrode I66. By virtue of the discharge points I10 on charging conductor I12, ionization or space discharge, magnified by the use of insulating sheet I68, will occur, charging the disk I14 to a negative potential. However, disk I16 will be charged to a positive potential because it is easier for the charge to depart from the points I18 of the charging electrode I66 than for a charge to escape from the induction electrode I80 on to the disk I16. The disks I14, I16 are rotated by independent motors I82, I84 driven at the same speed or at different speeds as found desirable. That is, disk I14 may be rotated faster than, slower than or at the same speed relative to disk I16. The charges on the disks are then carried over to the collectors I58, I60 and because of the charging points I86, I88 carried by the respective collectors, charged to a positive potential. The collectors I58, I60 are insulatingly supported from ground by means of the heavy insulating rods I90, I92. Since the collectors I58, I60 are of opposite potential, the potential difference between them is more than the potential between either collector and ground.

In Fig. 1a, I have illustrated an arrangement of disks which are charged up in parallel and discharged in series as a result of which the discharge voltage becomes several times that of the voltage on a single disk. More specifically, referring to Fig. 1a, the leads II, I53 are connected to a source of opposite polarity or as illustrated lead I53 is connected to ground and lead I5I to the cascaded rectifier system I52, I54, I56 such as illustrated in connection with Fig. 1. The disks I55, I51, I59 are, assuming the voltage from the final stage of rectifier I52 to be as indicated, sprayed with negative ions on one side and positive ions on the other. That is to say, the charging points or electrodes I6], I63, I65,

spray the lefthand sides of the disks with negative ions, Whereas the discharge points I61, I69,

' I1I spray the righthand sides of the disks with positive ions. Transferral of the charges on the disks to the discharging electrodes I13, I15, I11, I19, I8I, I63 increases as explained before, the

effective voltage and the increased voltages are effectively added in series so as to produce across the terminals I85 an enormous voltage which may be utilized for any desired purpose.

In the case of a disk which is sprayed on opposite sides with opposite polarity charges, this disk can, of course, also be prepared as a metallized disk. In order to be efiicient at such lower voltage, the disk would have to be made thinner in order to have a larger capacity between the particles on opposite sides so that more electricity can be bound by lower voltage. If the disk is made thinner, it is mechanically weak and wobbly. Inasmuch as in this particular case the two halves of the condenser are not separated, as in the case of the belt leaving the pulley or as takes place in some of the other disk-cases, the voltage between the particles on opposite sides of the disk will not increase. Despite this, however, a metal disk may be used as a mechanically strong member of the system. This metal disk should then be covered with thin varnished silk of thickness depending upon the voltage to be used. The outside surface of the silk could then be metallized. The metal disk would then be a sort of intermediate member in the capacity system formed by the disk. This idea could, of course, also be extended to cover the case of a disk with a non-metallized surface. If desired, high capacity condensers could be mounted on the disk and charged as they successively pass a certain stationary contact or spark gap and to be discharged in like manner. Thus, condensers belonging to different disks could be charged in parallel and discharged in series. The virtue of mounting the condensers on a rotating system instead of having the condensers stationary and merely change their connections with a rotating commutator lies in the fact that the insulation between the parallel and the series connected system is very much easier if the condensers belong to the rotating system.

In order to obtain enough insulation for higher voltages between the parallel charging system and the series discharge system, it will be necessary to sectionalize the metal disk radially into segments fastened to an insulating disk or hub. In this way, the system becomes quite close in resemblance to the idea of mounting condensers on the disk.

Various changes will readily suggest themselves in carrying out the principles of my present invention. Accordingly, my present invention is not to be considered limited by the various illustrations given but on the other hand is to be given the fullscope indicated in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A system for generating high voltages comprising a plurality of metal discs each covered with a layer of varnished silk, said varnished silk layer metallized on its outer surface, means for rotating said discs, rectifying means electrically coupled with said discs, and collecting means adjacent said discs and so arranged with respect to said rectifying means that potentials of opposite polarities are obtained at the output of said system.

2. A system for generating high voltages comprising a pair of disc members, means to rotate said disc members independently of each other, an inductor electrode arranged on one side of each disc, a charging electrode located on the opposite side of each disc from that of said inductor electrode, a collector electrode for each disc, a rectifier having one terminal connected to the charging electrode of one disc and to the inductor electrode of the other disc, the other terminal of said rectifier connected to ground, the other charging and inductor electrodes connected to ground to produce potentials of opposite polarities at the collector electrodes which form the output of said system.

3. A system for generating high voltages comprising a pair of disc members, means to rotate said disc members independently of each other,

an inductor electrode arranged on one side of each disc, an insulating sheet interposed between said inductor electrode and each of said discs to magnify the space discharge therebetween, a charging electrode located on the opposite side of each disc from that of said inductor electrode, a collector electrode for each disc, a rectifier having one terminal connected to the charging electrode of one disc and to the inductor electrode of the other disc, the other terminal of said rectifier connected to ground, and the other charging and inductor electrodes connected to ground to produce potentials of opposite polarities at the collector electrodes which form the output of said system.

4. A system for generating high voltages comprising a plurality of metallic discs, means for rotating all of said discs on a common shaft,

an inductor electrode arranged with each one of said discs. a charging electrode located on the opposite side of each disc from that of said inductor electrode, a fixed collector electrode located each side of said discs, a series connection between each one of saidfixed collector electrodes and a pair of discharge terminals, a rectifier having one of its terminals connected in parallel between the charging electrode and inductor electrodes of each one of said discs, the other rectifier terminal being connected to ground.

5. A system for generating high voltages comprising a plurality of metal discs each covered with a layer of varnished silk, said varnished silk layer metallized on its outer surface, means for rotating said discs, means for applying a charge on said discs, and means for removing the charge from said discs.

6. A system for generating high voltages comprising a pair of disc members, means to rotate said disc members independently of each other, an inductor electrode arranged on one side of each disc, an insulating sheet interposed between said inductor electrode and each of said discs to magnify the space discharge therebetween, a charging electrode located on the opposite side of each disc from that of said inductor electrode, a collector electrode for each disc, means for applying a charge on said disc members, and means for removing the charge from said disc members.

'I. A system for generating high voltages comprising a plurality of metallic discs, means to rotate all of said discs on a common shaft, an inductor electrode arranged with each one of said discs, a charging electrode located on the opposite side of each disc from that of said inductor electrode, a fixed collector electrode located each side of said discs, a series connection between each one of said fixed collector electrodes and a pair of discharge terminals, and means for applying a charge on said discs including a parallel connection between the charging electrode and the inductor electrode of each one of said discs.

8. A high voltage generating system for generating high voltages comprising a plurality of movable metallic'discs sectionalized radially into segments fastened to an insulating hub, each metallic disc covered with a layer of varnished silk, said varnished silk layer metallized on its outer surface, means for rotating said discs. means for applying a charge on said discs, and means for removing the, charge from said discs. 

